Cortical folding—the process of forming the characteristic gyri (hills) and sulci (valleys) of the cortex—is a highly dynamic process that results from the interaction between gene expression, cellular mechanisms, and mechanical forces. Like many other cells, neurons are sensitive to their mechanical environment. Because of this, cortical growth may not happen uniformly throughout gyri and sulci after the onset of cortical folding, which is accompanied by patterns of tension and compression in the surrounding tissue.
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