Modeling direct and converse flexoelectricity in soft dielectric rods with application to the follower load
Dielectric rods have been employed in various electromechanical applications, including energy harvesters and sensors. This paper develops a general framework to model large deformations in dielectric rods, considering both direct and converse flexoelectric effects. Initially, we derive the governing differential equations for a three-dimensional dielectric continuum solid to model large deformations, incorporating converse flexoelectricity. Then, we derive the equilibrium equations for the flexoelectric strain-gradient special Cosserat rod.