Laser shock peening (LSP) is an innovative surface treatment technique, which has been successfully applied to improve fatigue performance of metallic components. The key beneficial characteristic after LSP treatment is the presence of compressive residual stresses beneath the treated surface of metallic materials, mechanically produced by high magnitude shock waves induced by a high-energy laser pulse. Finite element analysis method has been applied in order to predict the residual stresses and plastic deformation induced by LSP.