Instabilities in confined elastic layers under tension: Fringe, fingering and cavitation
Under tension, confined elastic layers can exhibit various modes of mechanical instabilities, including cavitation, fingering and fringe instabilities. While the cavitation has been extensively studied, the fingering and fringe instabilities have not been well understood, and the relations and interactions of these instabilities have not been explored yet. In this paper, we systematically study the formation, transition, interaction and co-existence of mechanical instabilities in confined elastic layers under tension.