Thin-walled structure

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmps.2015.11.008  Metallic thin-walled round tubes are widely used as energy absorption elements.  However, lateral splash of the round tubes under impact loadings reduces the energy absorption efficiency and may cause secondary damages.  Therefore, it is necessary to assemble and fasten round tubes together by boundary constraints and/or fasteners between tubes, which increases the time and labor cost and affects the mechanical performance