finite elasticity

Material strength is a classical concept that has recently found renewed applications in fracture mechanics, especially in models for crack nucleation in brittle solids. In this paper, we formulate material strength in the setting of finite elasticity and examine its geometric, constitutive, and symmetry-theoretic foundations. We show that spatial covariance requires a strength function to depend on both stress and the corresponding strain measure, so that strength is not controlled by stress alone, but by the pair (stress,strain).

Solving incompressible elasticity has been quite challenging numerically. The conventional approach for handling incompressibility is the so-called penalty method. A volumetric energy term enters into the strain energy and penalizes the volumetric deformation. One straightforward issue is that the penalty parameter goes directly into the tangent matrix. The bigger the penalty parameter, the worse the condition number of the matrix. This is really a manifestation of the ill-posedness of theories based on the Helmholtz free energy, in my opinion [3].