An elastic phase field model for thermal oxidation of metals: Application to zirconia
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0927025614002031
Abstacrt: A multi-phase field model was developed for non-selective oxidation of metals which captures both the oxidation kinetics and stress generation. Phase field formulation involved a non-conserved phase field variable as the marker for the metallic substrate, oxide scale, and a fluid phase containing oxygen, and a conserved phase field variable representing the concentration of oxygen.