Properties, states and phases of a pure substance
These slides are part of a course on thermodynamics.
These slides are part of a course on thermodynamics.
Adhesion between soft matter is a universal mechanical problem in bio-engineering and bio-integration. The Johnson–Kendall–Roberts (JKR) method is widely used to measure the work of adhesion and work of separation between soft materials.
When laminating a thin elastic membrane on a substrate with surface roughness, three scenarios can happen: 1) fully conformed, i.e., the membrane completely follows the surface morphology of the substrate without any interfacial gap; 2) partially conformed; and 3) nonconformed, i.e., the membrane remains flat if gravity is not concerned.
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The composite strength of Reinforced Concrete which is a mixture of two main materials can be calculated by the formula given by Tsai : X=(vf+vm*Em/Ef)*Xf where vf is the fiber (steel) fraction and vm is the concrete (cement+sands+gravels) fraction. Xf is the yield strength of Steel and Xm is the compressive strength of the Concrete matrix. For the application case: vf=0.01911, vm=0.98089, Xf=270 MPa, Xm=40 MPa, Ef=207.000 GPa, Em=30.798 GPa we obtain X=44.563 MPa.
Under the actions of internal pressure and electric voltage, a spherical dielectric elastomer balloon usually keeps a sphere during its deformation, which has also been assumed in many previous studies. In this article, using linear perturbation analysis, we demonstrate that a spherical dielectric elastomer balloon may bifurcate to a nonspherical shape under certain electromechanical loading conditions.