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How to do such integration with dummy indicials for strain energy density?

Submitted by pengfei_guo on
The integration puzzles me is
Integrate C_ijkl e_kl de_ij  (from 0 to e_ij )= 1/2 C_ijkl e_ij e_kl
which is the well known strain energy density of elasticity and much like the energy in a spring as
Integrate k x dx  (from 0 to x ) = 1/2 k x x.
By the way, this integration appears at page 226 in the book "Nonlinear Finite Elements for Continua and Structures" by T Belytschko, B Moran, WK Liu, 1999, the book just directly throws out the result without any details.

Multiple Ph.D. Positions in Mechanics of Soft Materials at Michigan State University

Submitted by Roozbehdar on

The recently founded Group of Appleid mechanics in Enviormental & Civil Engineering Department at Michigan State University has a few openings for PhD positions to work on Multiscale Modeling of Soft Materials starting Fall 2014.

Virtual Special Issue: CFD simulation of pedestrian-level wind conditions around buildings: past achievements and prospects

Submitted by Laure Ballu on

This Virtual Specail Issue deals with papers on CFD simulation of pedestrian-level wind conditions around buildings, published in the Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics (JWEIA).

Force and stroke of a hydrogel actuator

Submitted by Widusha Illeperuma on

Hydrogels that undergo a volume phase transition in response to an
external stimulus are of great interest because of their possible use as
actuator materials. The performance of an actuator material is normally
characterized by its force–stroke curve, but little is known about the
force–stroke behavior of hydrogels. We use the theory of the ideal
elastomeric gel to predict the force–stroke curves of a
temperature-sensitive hydrogel and introduce an experimental method for
measuring the curve. The technique is applied to PNIPAm hydrogels with
low cross-link densities. The maximum force generated by the hydrogel
increases with increasing cross-link density, while the maximum stroke

True Stress-Strain curve of metals

Submitted by PenPen on

Hi everyone!

I was hopping to find some help over here. I just need some references or links to the true stress-strain curves of differents metals. I'm working with Tin and i'm going to do run some compression test to valid an analitic method. In order to do this, I need the strain-hardening exponent (n) and the strength coefficient (C) and it's being impossible to find those.