iMechanica

The SES 2007 Conference, Oct. 21-24, 2007, Texas A&M University campus in College Station, Texas, home to the George Bush Presidential Library and Museum.

 Symposium: Plasticity and Damage Size Effects at the Micron and Nano Length Scales

(Please also refer to node/711 for the introduction of this ASME meeting and some important changes. )

Mechanics has been playing a critical role in understanding the fabrication and reliability of nanostructured material systems, such as the self-assembly of quantum dots during heteroepitaxial thin film growth. Sponsored by the Elasticity Committee of Applied Mechanics Division, this symposium will identify opportunities and challenges in mechanics of materials that are motivated from a variety of novel and emerging nanofabrication and nanostructure growth methods. Presentations in experimental, theoretical, and computational studies are solicited in the following areas (but not limited to):

A subdomain collocation method based on Voronoi diagrams and reproducing kernel approximation is presented. The unkonwn field variables are approximated via reproducing kernel approximation. The body integration arising from the numerical evaluation of Galerkin weak form is converted into much cheaper contour integration along the boundary of each Voronoi cell. The Voronoi cells also provide an natural structure to perform h-adaptivity.

An approximate predictive model is developed for the evaluation of the interfacial thermal stresses in a soldered bi-material assembly with a low-yield-stress bonding material. This material is considered linearly elastic at the strain level below the yield point and ideally plastic at the higher strains. The results of the analysis can be used for the assessment of the thermally induced stresses

Smart materials have received much attention in recent years, especially due to their various applications in smart structures, medical devices, actuators, space and aeronautics. Among these
materials, shape memory alloys exhibit extremely large, inelastic, recoverable strains (of the order of 10%), resulting from transformation between austenitic and martensitic phases. This
transformation may be induced by a change, either in the applied stress, the temperature, or both.

Some of you may be interested in attending this conference, and the post-conference tour. Details are described in the two attached files.

The 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition
November 11-16, 2007, Seattle, Washington, Sponsored by the Composites and Elasticity Committees, Applied Mechanics Division
Track 18-7 Nanoscale, Biological, Cellular and Nonlinear Materials

Arteries are living organs that can remodel themself in response to stress changes. Arterial remodeling is a big topic and this paper shows only a tip of the iceberg.

We present a surface Cauchy-Born approach to modeling FCC metals with nanometer scale dimensions for which surface stresses contribute significantly to the overall mechanical response. The model is based on an extension of the traditional Cauchy-Born theory in which a surface energy term that is obtained from the underlying crystal structure and governing interatomic potential is used to augment the bulk energy.

If you understand the power of visual communication to explain, explore, and extend our knowledge of the world around us, then you are invited to enter the 2007 Science & Engineering Visualization Challenge, co-sponsored by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and Science, published by the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). Entry deadline: 31 May 2007.

Vanderbilt University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering is seeking candidates to fill a tenure-track faculty position commencing Fall 2007.  Appointment at the assistant professor level is anticipated but higher ranks will be considered for truly outstanding candidates.  The successful candidate will have research and teaching expertise in structures with a research focus in one or more of the following areas:  structural health monitoring, systems-scale failure analysis, dynamic control, computational mechanics and micromechanics, advanced materials (e.g., nanocomposites,

This is a second graduate course in solid mechanics, and explores coupled mechanical, thermal, electrical, and chemical actions.  The course draws heavily upon phenomena in soft materials.

This page is updated for ES 241 taught in Spring 2020 (Maxwell Dworkin 221, T/Th 1:30pm-2:45pm)

The course taught in the past:

Cross-posted to Biocurious a blog about biology through the eyes of physicists.

The function and dysfunction of blood clots are often directly related to their mechanical properties: clots stop blood from flowing through wounds but can also break away (embolize) and block blood vessels causing stroke. Strength and plasticity are both important for ensuring the former is more common than the latter and so people have been studying the mechanics of clots for over 50 years. 

Polarization switching-induced shielding or anti-shielding of an electrically permeable crack in a mono-domain ferroelectric material with the original polarization direction perpendicular to the crack is simulated by a phase field model based on the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau equation. The domain wall energy and the long-range mechanical and electrical interactions between polarizations are taken into account. The phase field simulations exhibit a wing-shape- switched zone backwards the crack tip.

A stiff skin forms on surface areas of a flat polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) upon exposure to focused ion beam (FIB) leading to ordered surface wrinkles. By controlling the FIB fluence and area of exposure of the PDMS, one can create a variety of patterns in the wavelengths in the micrometer to submicrometer range, from simple one-dimensional wrinkles to peculiar and complex hierarchical nested wrinkles. Examination of the chemical composition of the exposed PDMS reveals that the stiff skin resembles amorphous silica. Moreover, upon formation, the stiff skin tends to expand in the direction perpendicular to the direction of ion beam irradiation. The consequent mismatch strain between the stiff skin and the PDMS substrate buckles the skin, forming the wrinkle patterns. The induced strains in the stiff skin are estimated by measuring the surface length in the buckled state. Estimates of the thickness and stiffness of the stiffened surface layer are estimated by using the theory for buckled films on compliant substrates. The method provides an effective and inexpensive technique to create wrinkled hard skin patterns on surfaces of polymers for various applications. Click here for access to the full article. See also the press release: Applied scientists create wrinkled 'skin' on polymers

Sandia National Laboratories, California has established the Engineering Sciences Summer Institute (ESSI) program, in which applied mechanics, structural analysis and mechanical engineering graduate students are invited to spend a summer at SNL/CA performing research that would jointly benefit the students and Sandia. The program is nine years old and a description of the program is attached. Because of the funding base for this program, we can only consider students having U.S.

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Deadline for submitting an abstract: 5 March 2007.

Responding to the wishes of members, the ASME Congress will change to a new format, starting this year. Sessions will not be allocated to Divisions, but will be allocated to symposiums after abstracts are reviewed. Thus, your action item is to submit an abstract to a symposium. Here are terms as used in the 2007 Congress:

Session. Technical sessions will be scheduled for four days, Monday-Thursday. Each session will last 90 minutes, and consists of 4-6 talks. There will be 23 parallell sessions at a given time, 5 time slots for sessions per day, and a total of 23x5x4 = 460 sessions for the entire congress.

Suppose if somebody asked you the following question, and more importantly, wanted the answer to an accuracy of 100-digits:

• Problem A: A particle at the center of a 10 x 1 rectangle undergoes Brownian motion (i.e., two-dimensional random walk with infinitesimal step lengths) until it hits the boundary. What is the probability that it hits at one of the ends rather than at one of the sides?

Or, this question (again, demanding the answer to an accuracy of 100-digits):

Abstract: Flexible electronic devices often require hermetic coatings that can withstand applied strains. This paper calculates the critical strains for various configurations of channel cracks in a coating consisting of organic and inorganic layers. We show that the coating can sustain the largest strain when the organic layer is of some intermediate thicknesses.

Flexible electronics are promising for diverse applications, such as rollable displays, conformal sensors, and printable solar cells. These systems are thin, rugged, and lightweight. They can be manufactured at low costs, for example, by roll-to-roll printing. The development of flexible electronics has raised many issues concerning the mechanical behavior of materials. This paper examines a particular issue: channel cracks in hermetic coatings.

Electronic devices (e.g., organic light-emitting devices, OLEDs) often degrade when exposed to air. Developing hermetic coatings has been a significant challenge. Organic films are permeable to gases, and inorganic films inevitably contain processing flaws, so that neither by themselves are effective gas barriers. These considerations have led to the development of multilayer coatings consisting of alternating organic and inorganic films. To be used in flexible electronics, these coatings must also withstand applied strains without forming channel cracks...

This paper presents some developments related to the idea of covariance in elasticity. The geometric point of view in continuum mechanics is briefly reviewed. Building on this, regarding the reference configuration and the ambient space as Riemannian manifolds with their own metrics, a Lagrangian field theory of elastic bodies with evolving reference configurations is developed. It is shown that even in this general setting, the Euler-Lagrange equations resulting from horizontal (referential) variations are equivalent to those resulting from vertical (spatial) variations. The classical Green-Naghdi-Rivilin theorem is revisited and a material version of it is discussed. It is shown that energy balance, in general, cannot be invariant under isometries of the reference configuration, which in this case is identified with a subset of R^3. Transformation properties of balance of energy under rigid translations and rotations of the reference configuration is obtained. The spatial covariant theory of elasticity is also revisited. The transformation of balance of energy under an arbitrary diffeomorphism of the reference configuration is obtained and it is shown that some nonstandard terms appear in the transformed balance of energy. Then conditions under which energy balance is materially covariant are obtained. It is seen that material covariance of energy balance is equivalent to conservation of mass, isotropy, material Doyle-Ericksen formula and an extra condition that we call ‘configurational inviscidity’. In the last part of the paper, the connection between Noether’s theorem and covariance is investigated. It is shown that the Doyle-Ericksen formula can be obtained as a consequence of spatial covariance of Lagrangian density. Similarly, it is shown that the material Doyle-Ericksen formula can be obtained from material covariance of Lagrangian density.

The Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering at North Carolina State University invites applications for a tenure-track faculty position in the general area of mechanical sciences. Candidates must have an earned doctorate in Mechanical or Aerospace Engineering or closely-related field. Successful candidates will be expected to teach at the undergraduate and graduate levels, to advise graduate students, and to establish a high quality, nationally-visible externally funded research program.

I would like to share some of our more recent findings on nano-pillar compression, namely the role of the surface treatment in plastic deformation at the nano-scale. Recent advances in the 2-beam focused ion beams technology (FIB) have enabled researchers to not only perform high-precision nanolithography and micro-machining, but also to apply these novel fabrication techniques to investigating a broad range of materials' properties at the sub-micron and nano-scales. In our work, the FIB is utilized in manufacturing of sub-micron cylinders, or nano-pillars, as well as of TEM cross-sections to directly investigate plasticity of metals at these small length scales. Single crystal nano-pillars, ranging in diameter between 300 nm and 870 nm, were fabricated in the FIB from epitaxial gold films on MgO substrates and subsequently compressed using a Nanoindenter fitted with a custom-fabricated diamond flat punch. We show convincingly that flow stresses strongly depend on the sample size, as some of our smaller specimens were found to plastically deform in uniaxial compression at stresses as high as 600 MPa, a value ~25 times higher than for bulk gold. We believe that these high strengths are hardened by dislocation starvation. In this mechanism, once the sample is small enough, the mobile dislocations have a higher probability of annihilating at a nearby free surface than of multiplying and being pinned by other dislocations. Contrary to this, if the dislocations are trapped inside the specimen by a coating, the strengthening mechanism is expected to be different. Here we present for the first time the comparison of plastic deformation of passivated and unpassivated single crystal specimens at the sub-micron scale. The role of free surfaces is investigated by comparing stress results of both as-FIB'd, annealed, and alumina-passivated pillars. Preliminary results show that ALD-coated pillars exhibit much higher flow stresses at equivalent sizes and strains compared with the uncoated samples. We also found that while FIB damage during pillar fabrication might account for a small portion of the strength increase, it is not the major contributor.