fracture mechanics

When I was a graduate student, I spent several months to measure interfacial toughness between metalic (Cu and Au) films and thick substrates(Si and Polycarbonate). My methods were bulge test (blistering test) and 4-point bending test. I had many problems such as making an initial crack(pre-cracking), changing load phase angle applied to specimens, preparing/patterning thin films, constructing my own test apparatus, etc. The biggest problem was to measure the interfacial toughness over a wide range of loading phase angle. For a bimaterial with a non-zero oscillatory index(epsilon), we don't know the phase angle for a minimum interfacial toughness beforehand. Therefore, we need to measure the interfacial toughness over a wide range of phage angle. For engineering purpose, we need a minimum interfacial toughness value for reliability design because this value will lead to a conservative design of systems.

Here is a link to a 1996 book by C.H. Wang on Fracture Mechanics from the DSTO Aeronautical and Maritime Research Laboratory in Melbourne.

http://www.dsto.defence.gov.au/publications/1880/DSTO-GD-0103.pdf

These are the notes I wrote at the Technical University of Denmark in 1979. Zhigang Suo and I will be using these in the course on fracture and thin film mechanics (ES 242r) this spring (2007). This is a joint course with the University of Nebraska.

Time. Thursday and Tuesday. 1:30-3:00 pm (Harvard University), 12:30-2:2:00 pm (University of Nebraska). First meeting: 1 February 2007

Place. Harvard University: Fairchild 102 (map). University of Nebraska: 111 Walter Scott Engineering Center

Course website (this page): node/754

As you know, the volumetric expansion by 9% during the water-to-ice transition can generate tremendous pressure in a confined space is a common sense. As a result, one may expect freezing water to also fracture rocks.

However, in a recent article in Science, Bernard Hallet explains the power of the 9% water-to-ice expansion in confined spaces is undeniable, but it may rarely be significant for rocks under natural conditions, because it requires a tight orchestration of unusual conditions. Unless the rocks are essentially saturated with water and frozen from all sides, the expansion can simply be accommodated by the flow of water into empty pores, or out of the rock through its unfrozen side.

I think it may be of interest to mechanics. Read more
I hope to hear opinions from people who know about the breaking mechanics of rocks.

Jun He and Guanghai Xu (Intel Corporation)

Zhigang Suo (Harvard University)